Multiple sclerosis (MS), also known as encephalomyelitis disseminata, is the most common demyelinating disease, in which the insulating covers of nerve cells of the brain and spinal cord are damaged. This damage disrupts the nervous system from transmitting signals, resulting in a range of symptoms, including severe physical and cognitive problems. Specific symptoms may include double vision, blindness in one eye, muscle weakness, and trouble with coordination and balance. MS takes several forms, with new symptoms either occurring in isolated (relapsing forms) or building up over time (progressive forms). In the relapsing forms of MS, between attacks, symptoms may disappear completely, although permanent neurological problems may remain, especially as the disease advances.

While the cause of MS is unknown, the underlying mechanism is thought to be either destruction by the immune system or failure of the myelin-producing cells. Proposed causes range from genetics and environmental factors, or viral infections. MS is most often diagnosed based on presenting symptoms and the results of medical tests.

There is no known cure for multiple sclerosis. Treatments attempt to improve function after an attack and prevent new attacks from occuring. Assistive Technology Professionals (ATP) can help with MS patients’ ability to function by integrating customized wheeled mobility devices and seating and positioning analysis.